Bodhisattva
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Bodhisattva: Compassionate Beings on the Path to Enlightenment
Background and Significance:
The words "bodhi" (Sanskrit for enlightenment or awakening) and "sattva" (meaning sentient being) are the sources of the phrase "bodhisattva." Bodhisattvas are the emanations of Buddhas, the enlightened beings who have committed themselves to helping all sentient beings achieve liberation and Buddhahood. They are regarded as meditational deities (Yidams) and embodiments of enlightened wisdom and power in Vajrayana. They are crucial in tantric practices, where practitioners visualize themselves as Bodhisattvas to enhance their own spiritual growth.
Bodhisattvas represent the integration of wisdom (prajñā) and method (upaya)—two vital qualities on the journey to enlightenment. By employing Vajrayana techniques like mantra recitation, deity visualization, and tantric rituals, practitioners call upon the blessings of Bodhisattvas to develop compassion, wisdom, and spiritual strength.
Attributes and Iconography:
Each Bodhisattva in Vajrayana Buddhism has distinct attributes that set them apart. Some are mudras (hand gestures) that represent their spiritual roles. Some are shown in peaceful forms, exuding compassion and wisdom, while others appear in wrathful forms, channeling their fierce energy to eliminate ignorance and obstacles. Their artistic representations often feature:
- Multiple Arms and Eyes – Representing their ability to assist countless beings simultaneously.
- Sacred Implements – Vajras (thunderbolts), swords, lotus flowers, and scriptures, symbolizing wisdom, power, and purity.
- Celestial Adornments – Crowns, silk robes, and jewelry, signifying their divine and enlightened nature.
- Wrathful Forms – Expressing the fierce compassion needed to subdue obstacles and delusions.
Associated Stories and Beliefs:
Vajrayana texts portray Bodhisattvas as embodiments of Buddhas, appearing across various worldly and celestial realms to teach the Dharma and support sentient beings. Notable Bodhisattvas like Avalokiteshvara (Chenrezig), Manjushri, and Vajrapani are closely linked to terma (hidden teachings) revealed by great masters in Tibet. Others, such as Marichi and Dukar (Sitatapatra), act as formidable protectors against negative forces and disasters.
Numerous Jataka tales (stories of the Buddha’s past lives) illustrate the Buddha himself as a Bodhisattva before attaining full enlightenment. These stories emphasize the virtues of selflessness, wisdom, and perseverance, which are fundamental to Vajrayana practice.
Bodhisattvas in Vajrayana Buddhism
Bodhisattva | Significance and Attributes |
---|---|
1000-Armed Chenrezig (Avalokiteshvara) | Supreme Bodhisattva of Compassion |
Amitayus |
A form of Amitabha Buddha, associated with infinite life, longevity, and vitality. Often depicted holding a long-life vase filled with the nectar of immortality. |
Dukar (Sitatapatra) |
The Goddess of the White Umbrella, a powerful protectress against negative forces and obstacles. Her umbrella shields beings from harm. |
Indra (Shakra) | Indra is a divine protector of the Dharma. |
Ksitigarbha |
Bodhisattva of the Hell Realms He vowed to liberate beings trapped in suffering and darkness. He carries a wish-fulfilling jewel and a staff to open the gates of liberation. |
Manjushri |
Bodhisattva of Wisdom He wields a flaming sword that cuts through ignorance and illusion. He also holds Prajnaparamita Sutra, a scripture of transcendental knowledge. |
Marichi |
The Goddess of Dawn and Protection Her mount is a boar-drawn chariot. She is associated with light, overcoming darkness, and dispelling fear. |
Padmapani |
A compassionate form of Avalokiteshvara, meaning "Lotus in Hand." He represents purity, kindness, and the path of selfless service. |
Prajnaparamita |
The embodiment of the Perfection of Wisdom Often depicted with multiple arms holding scriptures, symbolizing the realization of emptiness (Śūnyatā). |
Vajrapani |
The Bodhisattva of Power and Protection, He holds a vajra (thunderbolt) to destroy obstacles and safeguard the Dharma. He often appears in wrathful forms to subdue ignorance. |